Current evidence suggests that regulation of ribosome biogenesis is the primary mechanism by which many drugs exert their cytotoxic activity against cancer cells. It is worth noting that ribosome and breast cancer are inextricably linked. BC, the most frequent malignancy in women, has become a global health burden. BC is a complex and heterogeneous disease, and its incidence has been increasing steadily. The cause of most BC is currently unknown. Both genetic and non-genetic risk factors contribute to the development of BC. Genetic factors include pathogenic variants in cancer susceptibility genes and common single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with BC. Non-genetic risk factors contain increasing age, personal history of breast disease, high body mass index (BMI), alcohol, insufficient physical activity, and reproductive factors.
Ribosome dysregulation is associated with tumor progression in BC. Therefore, it is necessary to gain an in-depth understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved to confirm the importance of ribosomes as biomarkers for BC.