Energy drinks generally contain caffeine Cheap Robin Lopez Jersey , taurine, sugars and sweeteners, herbal supplements, and other ingredients and are distinct from sports drinks and vitamin waters. In 2008, the National Federation of State High School Associations, while recommending water and sports drinks for rehydration, specifically did not recommend energy drinks and cited potential risks, the absence of benefit Cheap Kris Dunn Jersey , and drug interactions.

Energy drinks have no therapeutic benefit, and many ingredients are understudied and not regulated. The known and unknown pharmacology of agents included in such drinks, combined with reports of toxicity, raises concern for potentially serious adverse effects in association with energy drink use.
However, in the short-term, pediatricians need to be aware of the possible effects of energy drinks in vulnerable populations and screen for consumption to educate families. Long-term research should aim to understand the effects in at-risk populations. Toxicity surveillance should be improved, and regulations of energy drink sales and consumption should be based on appropriate research.

“Energy drinks” are beverages that contain caffeine, taurine Cheap Cameron Payne Jersey , vitamins, herbal supplements, and sugar or sweeteners and are marketed to improve energy, weight loss, stamina, athletic performance, and concentration. Energy drinks are available in >140 countries and are the fastest growing US beverage market; in 2011, sales are expected to top $9 billion. Half of the energy drink market consists of children (<12 years old) Cheap Justin Holiday Jersey , adolescents (12–18 years old), and young adults (19–25 years old).

Although healthy of you can tolerate caffeine in moderation, heavy caffeine consumption, such as drinking energy drinks, has been associated with serious side effects such as seizures, mania, stroke, and sudden death. Moreover Cheap Bobby Portis Jersey , numerous reports exist in the popular media, and there are a handful of case reports in the literature that associate such adverse events with energy drink consumption; though, it is prudent to investigate the validity of such claims. In addition, Children, especially those with cardiovascular, renal, or liver disease, seizures Cheap Jerian Grant Jersey , diabetes, mood and behavioral disorders, or hyperthyroidism or those who take certain medications, may be at higher risk for adverse events from energy drink consumption.

Although the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) limits caffeine content in soft drinks, which are categorized as food, there is no such regulation of energy drinks, which are classified as dietary supplements. Despite the large, unregulated market for energy drinks and reports in the literature and popular media of serious adverse events associated with their consumption Cheap Toni Kukoc Jersey , research into their use and effects has been sparse. However, schools, states, and countries increasingly are exploring content and sales regulations of these drinks.

Given the rapidly growing market and popularity among youth, we reviewed the literature to
(1) determine what energy drinks are,
(2) compile consumption data of energy drinks by children, adolescents, and young adults Cheap John Paxson Jersey ,
(3) compile caffeine and energy drink overdose data,
(4) examine the physiologic effects of the ingredients in energy drinks,
(5) identify potential problems of energy drinks among children and adolescents,
assess the marketing of energy drinks,
(7) Report current regulation of energy drinks, andpropose educational, research, and regulatory recommendations.

Volkswagen has announced recently that it is expecting for profit and sales to rise this year especially since the Skoda Fabia and Audi A5 models are doing pretty well in the market plus the corporate overhaul that the company is employing is reducing production costs.

The company?s chief executive Martin Winterkorn announced during the company?s annual conference that it is expecting profit before interest Cheap Doug McDermott Jersey , taxes and one-time items to be higher than the 4.4 billion euros or $5.78 billion it has obtained for the year 2006.

He also said that the sales for the first two months of the company has already record an increase of 8.3 percent to 862,000 vehicles which is a good start for this year. He further added that the company is expecting to meet its goal of increasing 2008 pretax profit to 5.1 billion compared to the 1.1 billion euros in 2004 which is the target set by Bernd Pischetsrieder, who is the former chief executive. It should be noted that it was through the efforts of Piech and Winterkorn that Pistchetsrider was ousted on January 1.

Volkswagen shares increase by 3 percent to 102.96 euros

Last month, Europe?s largest automaker and producer of the popular Volkswagen struts has reported that their income has more than doubled reaching 2.75 billion euros which they attributed to the launching of their new models, the disposal of Europcar vehicle-rental unit and the tax gain. Total revenue has increased by 12 percent to 104.9 billion euros.

The company has also reported its fourth quarter results and said that its income obtained has more than tripled reaching 1.54 billion euros from 435 million euros resulting from an 11 percent sales increase to 27.8 billion euros.

The Audi team that Winterkorn has brought with him including Walter de Silva, head of design and Ulrich Hackenberg, engineering chief has spent two months just to modify the new version of Volkswagen?s Golf hatchback, which currently is VW?s best-selling vehicle. Aside from the Golf hatchback the team is also working on other models that Wolfgang Bernhard Cheap Pau Gasol Jersey , the former Volkswagen brand chief had started like the Scirocco sports hatchback and a new compact sport utility vehicle, the Tiguan.

CEO Winterkorn said ?We will continue to w. Cheap New York Giants Jerseys   Cheap Philadelphia Eagles Jerseys   Cheap Miami Dolphins Jerseys   Cheap Los Angeles Chargers Jerseys   Cheap Tampa Bay Buccaneers Jerseys   Cheap San Francisco 49ers Jerseys   Cheap Team Sweden Hockey Jerseys   Wholesale Team North America Hockey Jerseys   Wholesale Minnesota Wild Jerseys   Wholesale Dallas Stars Jerseys