Airport Management
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Airport Management
(4) Types of Airports in the US
The US National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems (NPIAS) includes four main types of civil aviation airports. They are the primary airports, the commercial service airports (CSA), the general aviation airports (GAA), and the reliever civil airports. The CSA are used for the enplanement of the mass passengers. Thus they cooperate with the certified air carriers. In their turn, GAA are the airports that provide the variety of services that are not present in the CSA. Finally, the primary and reliever airports are supposed to increase the air shipping facility in the region of the CSA location.
(7) Hub Classification
According to the NPIAS, the airports’ hub classification includes four basic elements. They are the large, medium, small hubs, and non-hubs airports. The large hubs include the airports with the total annual enplanement of passengers that is more than 1 percent of the similar indicator for the US in general. Other types of hubs are defined according to the same criteria. In this way, the medium hub includes airports with the value of 0.25-1 percent share in the total US enplanement. Small hub airports provide about 0.05-0.25 percent of total US enplanement services. Finally, the non-hubs airports perform the enplanement of more than 10000 passengers annually that is less than 0.05 percent of the annual value for the US.
(10) Federal Agencies
The list of US federal agencies that govern and control the performance of civil aviation airports includes several institutions. One of them is the US Department of Transportation that controls all the infrastructure processes inside the country. The specific institution that controls only the civil aviation is the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). It defines the rules and requirements for the provision of safety and high-quality civil aviation services. The diversified structure of FAA in each country’s state defines the existence of two or more Airport District Offices (ADO) which are the local departments of the FAA that perform similar functions.
(12) Specific Rules and Regulations
The most important document that provides the governmental regulations of the civil aviation performance in the US is the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR). The fourteenth title of this Code is connected with the regulations of Aeronautics and Space operations. It includes the list of fourteen Federal Aviation Regulations (FAR) that are the primary sources of governmental regulation and control over the civil aviation companies. In addition to it, the forty-ninth title of CFR includes the Transportation Security Regulations (TSR) which define the requirements for the quality of passengers carrying services. To make these requirements clear to the private companies, the FAA develops advisory circulars that are connected with each regulation and policy change.
(13) The Advisory Circulars
The Advisory Circulars (AC) are the official documents provided by the US FAA for the private civil aviation companies to explain the changes in the regulations and rules of the civil aviation performance in the country. They provide a clear explanation of the current changes in the governmental regulation practice of civil aviation and allow the companies’ managers to reduce the losses connected with the understanding of these changes.
(3) Air Commerce Act of 1926
The Air Commerce Act of 1926 was implemented to provide the conditions for the development of the aviation industry in the US. This period was connected with the creation and stable growth of this sector that required additional governmental support. The Act required the US Department of Commerce to develop a program for the creation of airfields and connected infrastructure. It also included the requirements for aircraft and pilots’ registration in the US.
(9) Federal Airport Act of 1946
The main idea of the Federal Airport Act of 1946 was the creation and development of the civil aviation sector in the US. The purpose of this document was to create legislative basis for the occurrence and support of civil aviation facilities. The Act included the requirement for the creation of financial plan for the support of civil aviation industry in the country that, in reality, lasted for 7 years.
(18) Airline Deregulation Act of 1978
The Air Cargo Deregulation Act of 1978 was the beginning of the period of the civil airports performance that was not controlled straight by the US government. The purpose of this Act was to create conditions for the free industrial development in the conditions of market competition. The possibility to change route strategies of airports without need for state’s approval led to the extinction of small markets with the low level of profits. The proliferation of hub and spoke strategy increased the opportunities for the civil aviation. Nevertheless, it created the issue of congestion that remains relevant nowadays.
(27) The Tremendous Growth in Air Travel
The significant increase in the air travel volumes led to the rapid growth of the civil aviation industry. The growth of passengers’ activity after the deregulation of the civil aviation and the proliferation of the hub and spoke strategy led to the rise of demand for the air transportation services. These processes resulted in the necessity of the civil aviation infrastructure facilities growth and the establishment of the Airport Improvement Program (AIP).
(29) ATSA
The Aviation and Transportation Security Act was a governmental response to the terroristic issue in the civil aviation industry. The Act provided the conditions for the creation of the federal agency that would ensure the security of the US transportation systems. The result of this Act was the establishment of the Transportation Security Administration that monitored the security levels of the national infrastructure objects in the US.
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