The exact mechanism(s) of action for Modafinil is not yet fully understood. Modafinil encourages wakefulness by promoting activity like that of amphetamine and methylphenidate. The pharmacologic profiles of these substances are distinct.
Researchers know that one of the ways Modafinil functions is by selectively inhibiting the reuptake of dopamine. Modafinil is very specific as to which dopamine transporter channels is inhibited. The reuptake of dopamine activates the release of orexin neuropeptides and histamine in certain areas of the brain, which in turn contribute to heightened arousal. Modafinil also acts on norepinephrine in the hypothalamus and on serotonin in the amygdala and frontal cortex.