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Susanna (/suˈzænə/ ; hebrew : שׁוֹשַׁנָּה, modern: šōsanna, tiberian: šōōsannā: "lily"), also called susanna and the elders, is a narrative included in the book of daniel (as chapter 13) by the catholic church, notnicolexo eastern orthodox churches and eastern orthodox churches. This is almost an addition to daniel, placed in the apocrypha by protestants, and anabaptists, lutherans, anglicans and methodists consider it non-canonical, but useful for edifying purposes. This text is not part of the jewish tanakh and is never mentioned in early jewish literature,[4] although it appears to have become part of the original 2nd-century bce septuagint,[five percent and was corrected by theodotion, the hellenistic hebrew editor of the septuagint text ( ca 150 ad). 1 summary 2 date and text culture 3 pictures in art 5 further reading Summary[edit]a beautiful jewish wife named susanna was falsely accused of depraved voyeurs. While she is bathing in her personal garden, after sending her servants away, the two elders, after saying goodbye to each other, bump into each other again while spying on her bathing. The two men are aware that they both lust after susanna. When she returns to her own house, they pester the structure, demanding that she have sexual intercourse with them. When she refuses, she is arrested, claiming that the reason she sent away her maids was for them to be alone, as she entered into a sexual dialogue with a young man under a tree. Chapters of the book of daniel Chapter 1: admission to babylon Chapter 2: the dream of nebuchadnezzar Chapter 3: the fiery furnaceChapter 4: nebuchadnezzar's madness Chapter 5: belshazzar's feast Chapter 6: daniel in the lions' den Chapter 7: the four beasts Chapter 8: the ram, the goat, and the horn Chapter 9: seventy weeks Chapter 10-12: daniel's last vision Additions to daniel: - The song of the three holy youths - Susanna and the elders - Bel and the dragon She gets rid of the blackmail, is arrested and soon executed for adultery, when young daniel interrupts the process, shouting that elders can be interrogated in order to protect themselves from the death of an innocent. After the separation of two men, they are interrogated about melo chasing what they saw, but they disagree about the tree under which susanna supposedly met her chosen one. In the greek text, the names of the trees given by the elders form a pun with the shares given by daniel. The first says that they were made under a mastic tree (ὑπο σχίνον, hypo schinon), and daniel testifies that an angel is ready to cut (σχίσει, schisei) it in two. The second will say that the instrument was purchased under an evergreen oak (ὑπο πρίνον, hypoprinon), and daniel may say that the angel is ready to saw (πρίσαι, prisai) it in two. Great difference in size between mastic and oak makes the lies of the elders clear to any observer. False accusers are put to death, and virtue triumphs. Date and textual history[edit]greek puns in the texts are cited by some[6] as proof of the fact that under no circumstances was the text in hebrew or aramaic, although other researchers [7] have suggested word pairs for trees and cutting that sound similar enough to suggest how you could apply with english subtitles. The anchor bible uses the words "yew", "hack", "clove" and "split" to have this effect in english. (3rd century). The greek text has survived in a couple of versions. The resulting version belongs to theodotion; this replaced the original version of the septuagint, which today survives only in syriac translation, in papyrus 967 (3rd century ce) or in an exception format in one medieval manuscript known as codex chisianus 88. Sextus julius africanus did not consider this story canonical. Jerome (347-420), translating the vulgate, viewed this content as a non-canonical fable.[8] in the introduction, he pointed out that susanna was an apocryphal addition, since she did not appear in the hebrew text of daniel. Origen took the story as a piece of "divine fiction" and denounced the "evil presbyters" for not recognizing its authenticity (hom lev 1.3.), Noting that the story was commonly read in the early church (letter to africanus); and said that the two elders who accused susanna were ahab ben colaiah and zedekiah ben massea (jeremiah 21:20); he too noted the absence of this story in the hebrew text, noting (in epistola ad africanum) that the page was otherwise "hidden" by the jews.Origen's statement is reminiscent of justin martyr's accusation that jewish scribes "removed" certain verses from their own scriptures (conversations, with tryphon: c.71-3). Jewish tradition of the second temple period.[9] Skilled images[edit] Susanna and the elders. Artemisia gentileschi Main article: susanna and the elders in artthe story is depicted on the lothair crystal, an engraved rock crystal made in the lorraine region in the northwestern regions of europe in the middle of the 9th century, currently time resides in the british museum. (But not limited to) lorenzo lotto (susanna and the elders, 1517), guido reni, rubens, van dyck (susanna and the elders), tintoretto, rembrandt, tiepolo and artemisia gentileschi (susanna and the elders) , 1610). Some treatments, especially during the baroque, emphasize drama, others concentrate on the nude; in the nineteenth century version by francesco hayes (national gallery, london), the elders are not visible at all. The uruguayan artist juan manuel blanes also drew two versions of this story, one to begin with, in which the two voyeurs are not visible, and susanna looks to the right with a worried facial expression. In 1681, alessandro stradella wrote an oratorio in 2 parts "susanna" for francesco ii, duke of modena, based on a short story. In 1749, georg friedrich handel wrote the english-language oratorio susanna. / >Suzanne (but not peter quince) is the subject of wallace stevens' 1915 poem "peter quince at the clavier", set to music by american composer dominic argento and canadian gerald berg. The american artist thomas hart benton (1889-1975) painted a modern-day suzanne in 1938, now housed in the de young museum in san francisco. He deliberately included pubic hair, distinct from classical art statue depictions. The fable is set in the course of the great depression, and benton included in the list of contemplators. Belgian writer marnix gijsen borrows elements of this story in this first novel, het boek van joachim van babylon, 1947. Pablo picasso also portrayed the proposed question in the middle of the last century, depicting susanna in much the same way as he depicts his other less abstract reclining nudes. The elders are depicted in the manner of the paintings hanging on the wall behind her. The painting, painted in 1955, has become part of the permanent collection of the picasso museum in malaga. The american opera susanna by carlisle floyd, set in the south of the united states in the 20th century, is also inspired by this story, punctuated by an itinerant preacher who seduces susanna. Gratiano then praises portia as a "second daniel" from her sound judgment. It is believed that shakespeare named his eldest daughter after a biblical character. History also repeats itself in "a thousand and equal nights" with the title "pious representative of the beautiful part of mankind, and 2 evil elders." ] Selected works Susanna and elder massimo stanzione. Staedel Susanna and elders giuseppe bartolomeo chiari (late baroque). Walters art museum. Susanna and the elders, alessandro allori Susanna and the elders, jan matsis, phoebus foundation Susanna and elders, woodcut by julius schnorr von karolsfeld, 1860, in die bibel in bildern in bildern Bathsheba spied on by david while bathing Ninlil spied on by enlil Budge, wallis (1910). "Also explanation of apa john, archbishop of constantinople, about susanna." . Coptic sermons in the dialect of upper egypt. Longmans & co. Knecht, friedrich justus (1910). "Daniel saves susanna". A practical commentary on the holy scriptures. B. Herder. Gigot, francis (1908). "Book of daniel". In herbermann, charles (ed.). Catholic encyclopedia. Volume. 4. New york: robert appleton company. ^ Geisler, norman l.; Mackenzie, ralph e. (1995). Catholics and evangelicals: programs and differences. Baker publishing group. P. 171. Isbn 978-0-8010-3875-4. Lutherans and anglicans used it exclusively in ethical/religious matters, however, did not consider it authoritative in relation to faith. ^ Dyck, cornelius j.; Martin, dennis d. (1955). Mennonite encyclopedia: ac. Mennonite brothers publishing house. 136. Isbn 978-0-8361-1119-4 ^ Kirwan, peter (april 16, 2015). Shakespeare and the idea of the apocrypha: overcoming the boundaries of the dramatic canon. Cambridge university press. P. 207. Isbn 978-1-316-30053-4. ^ "Jewishencyclopedia.Com". Jewish encyclopedia.Com. Retrieved 25 august 2013. ^ The new american bible (revised edition), footnote a. ^ Erdmann's commentary on the bible. Dunn, james d.G. 1939–, rogerson , j. W. (John william), 1935–. Grand rapids, michigan: wb. Erdmans. 2003. P. 805. Isbn 9780802837110. Oclc 53059839.Cite book: cs1 maint: other (link) ^ Ball, rev. Charles james (1888). The holy bible, according to the legal version (ad 1611), with explanatory and critical commentary and translation correction: apocrypha, volume 2. London: john murray, albemarle street. P. 324. Isbn 9781276924047. Retrieved january 11, 2020. ^ Knights of columbus catholic truth committee (1908). The catholic encyclopedia: an international guide to the constitution, doctrine, discipline, and history of the catholic church. Encyclopedia press. P. 626. "Although the deuterocanonical portions of daniel seem to contain anachronisms that need not be treated, as a defect did st. Jerome for simple fables" ^ Simkovich, malka (2016). "The tale of susanna: the story of daniel - thetorah.Com". Www.Thetorah.Com retrieved 5 april 2022. The stories in the hebrew bible about daniel preserved in daniel 1-6 are only a fraction of the stories that circulated about daniel during the second temple. Many of these stories were somehow found in the apocrypha, the name used to refer to books in the septuagint, the greek translation of the bible, that were not fully recorded in the masoretic text. Nearly similar stories about daniel are the book of susanna, which appears in a pair of slightly different versions: the ancient greek version, this greek translation of the hebrew bible, and the version of theodotion, who produced a slightly different greek translation of the hebrew bible. In the last century a.D. E. ^ British museum. "Crystal of lothair". Collection online. Retrieved june 23, 2016 ^ "Susanna in the bath, 1850 by francesco hayes". Nationalgallery.Org.Uk. Retrieved 25 august 2013. ^ Ayer, ronald (winter 1956-1957). "Suzanne carlisle floyd". Pace. 42(42):7-11. Doi: 10.1017/s0040298200043709. Jstor 942914. S2cid 144987051.Cite log: cs1 maint: date format (link) ^ A pious woman, and 2 evil elders At wikisource there is source text related to this article: bible (king james)/susanna Wikimedia commons has media related to susanna. An illustrated history of susanna and elders Jewish encyclopedia: susanna World study bible: susanna Daniel 13 in this american bible Biblicalaudio susanna (daniel chapter 13): critical translation with audio drama, 2013. 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